Basic Electronics Components

Welcome to the Basic Electronics Components documentation!
This guide is designed to help beginners learn the core concepts, components, and tools needed to get started with electronics and embedded systems.

Whether you’re self-taught or an aspiring embedded developer, this documentation is structured to build your understanding step by step.

What’s Covered?

1. Laws of Electronics

Basic Electrical Quantities
Ohm’s Law
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Faraday’s Law
Lenz’s Law
Coulomb’s Law
The Two Laws of Electrostatics
The Two Laws of Magnetism
Joule’s Law

2. Basic Passive Components

Resistors
Potentiometer / Rheostat
Capacitors
Inductors
Crystal Oscillators
Pull-up/Pull-down Resistors

3. Basic Active Components

Diodes
Zener Diodes
LEDs
Transistors (NPN/PNP)
MOSFETs
Integrated Circuits (IC)
555 Timer
Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps)

4. Electromechanical Components

Switches
Relays
Motors (DC/Stepper)
Servos

5. Power Sources & Protection

Batteries
Fuses
Transformers
Voltage Regulators
DC-DC Buck Converters
Power Supply Modules

6. Input Devices & Sensors

LDR / Photoresistors
Thermistors / Temperature Sensors
Ultrasonic Sensors (HC-SR04)
IR Sensors & Remotes
Sound Sensors (Microphones)
Tilt Sensors / Accelerometers
Hall Effect Sensors
Generic Sensors

7. Output Devices & Displays

Speakers / Buzzers
LED Indicators
7-Segment Displays
LCD (16x2)
OLED Displays
NeoPixel / WS2812 LED Strips
General Display Modules

8. Microcontrollers & Communication Modules

Arduino Uno
ESP8266 / ESP32
AVR / ATmega328
Bluetooth Modules (HC-05/06)
WiFi Modules (ESP8266)
RF Modules (433MHz)
IR Transmitter/Receiver

9. Prototyping & Circuit Building Tools

Analog vs Digital Signal
Breadboard
Jumper Wires
Schematic vs Circuit
Debouncing
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

10. Test & Measurement Equipment

Multimeter
Oscilloscope
Logic Probe / Logic Analyzer

Who Is This For?

Beginners learning electronics
Aspiring embedded systems developers
Arduino, ESP32, or microcontroller hobbyists
Anyone building circuits from scratch

Bonus: Video Guides

Some sections include YouTube videos to help you visualize key concepts … check the pages for links and demos!

Or, you can watch the full playlist instead: playlist coming soon!

Book Recommendation

Intro to electronics by Earl Gates
Exploring arduino by Jeremy Blum

Credits

This documentation along with the repo is created by Levannah