LCD (16x2)
1. Definition
1.1 LCD (16x2)
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 16x2 module is a display device capable of showing 16 characters per line over 2 lines, commonly used in microcontroller projects for text output.
Key Features:
- Can display letters, numbers, and symbols.
- Usually based on the HD44780 controller.
- Requires simple wiring with parallel or I2C communication.
- Low power consumption.
2. Types
2.1 Based on Backlight Color
- Green Backlight : Common and cost-effective.
- Blue Backlight : More modern, better visibility in low light.
2.2 Based on Interface
- Parallel Interface : Standard 16-pin connection.
- I2C Interface : Uses only 2 data pins (SDA, SCL) with an I2C adapter.
3. Applications
- Displaying sensor data (temperature, humidity, etc.).
- Menu navigation for embedded devices.
- Status or error messages in electronic systems.
- Time/date display in clocks.
- Interactive projects with user feedback.
4. Working Principle
The LCD uses liquid crystal molecules that change their orientation when an electric field is applied, controlling light passage through the display’s polarizing filters. Characters are generated using a pixel matrix for each segment.
5. Pin Configuration (Parallel Interface)
| Pin No. | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VSS | Ground |
| 2 | VDD | +5V Power Supply |
| 3 | V0 | Contrast Adjustment |
| 4 | RS | Register Select (0: Command, 1: Data) |
| 5 | RW | Read/Write (0: Write, 1: Read) |
| 6 | E | Enable Signal |
| 7-14 | D0-D7 | Data Pins |
| 15 | LED+ | Backlight Positive |
| 16 | LED- | Backlight Negative |
6. Safety Notes
- Avoid direct sunlight exposure for prolonged periods, it may damage the LCD.
- Do not apply voltage beyond recommended levels.
- Handle with care; LCD glass is fragile.
Video Explanation
video coming soon