Integrated Circuits (ICs)
1. Definition
1.1 IC
An Integrated Circuit (IC) is a compact package containing multiple interconnected electronic components (transistors, resistors, capacitors) built on a semiconductor chip to perform a specific function.
IC Symbol
1.2 Types of ICs
- Analog ICs: Amplifiers, regulators.
- Digital ICs: Logic gates, microcontrollers.
- Mixed-signal ICs: ADCs, DACs.
1.3 Common IC families
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555 Timer IC , for timing, oscillators, and pulse generation.
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Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) , e.g., LM358, LM741, used for signal amplification.
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7400-series Logic ICs , TTL logic gates, flip-flops, counters.
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4000-series Logic ICs , CMOS versions of logic gates, often lower power.
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Famous Early Microprocessors (historical interest) , Intel 4004, MOS 6502, Zilog Z80, Motorola 6800.
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LM-series Analog ICs , e.g., LM317 voltage regulator, LM386 audio amplifier.
2. Features
- High Component Density.
- Small Size and lightweight.
- Low Power Consumption.
- Reliable with long lifespan.
4. How to Use
Safety Note
Always check IC datasheet for correct voltage and pin configuration.
4.1 Identify pins
- Pin 1 marked by dot or notch.
- Follow datasheet pinout.
4.2 Mounting
- DIP ICs: Insert into socket or breadboard.
- SMD ICs: Solder on PCB.
4.3 Power supply
- Apply correct Vcc/GND as per datasheet.