Power Supply Modules

1. Definition

A Power Supply Module is a small circuit board or device that takes power from a source (like a wall plug, battery, or USB) and changes it into the voltage your project or device needs.
They save you from building a full power circuit from scratch and are used in things like phone chargers, Arduino projects, LED strips, and small robots.

power supply module

Common Power Supply Module Symbols

power supply symbol

2. Features

  • Changes Voltage: Can lower (step-down) or raise (step-up) voltage, and can also convert AC to DC.
  • Steady Output: Keeps voltage stable even if your device’s power use changes.
  • Multiple Outputs: Some give more than one voltage at the same time (e.g., 3.3V and 5V).
  • Plug-and-Play: Works straight away without needing extra building.
  • Built-in Protection: Often has short-circuit, overvoltage, and overheating protection.

4. How to Use

4.1. Identify Input and Output

  • Input: Where you connect your power source (could be a wall adapter, battery, or USB).
  • Output: Where you connect the device or circuit you want to power.
  • GND: The ground/common wire for both input and output.

power supply module pins

Safety Tip: If the input is AC mains (like 220V from a wall socket), be extremely careful ,this can cause electric shock.

4.2. Choose the Right Module

  • Input Voltage Range: Must match your power source (e.g., a 12V battery).
  • Output Voltage & Current: Must match your device’s needs (e.g., 5V for Arduino).
  • Type: Linear (simpler, less efficient) or switching (more efficient, cooler).
  • Size and Shape: Make sure it fits in your project space.

4.3. Connect It Correctly

  • Check Polarity: Always connect positive (+) to positive, and negative (–) to negative.
  • Use thicker wires for higher current devices like motors.
  • For AC input modules, keep all connections insulated.

4.4. Test Before Use

  • Use a multimeter to check the output voltage before connecting sensitive electronics.
  • If the module is adjustable, turn the small screw (potentiometer) to set your desired voltage.
  • Check for heating if powering something that draws a lot of current.

4.5. Mount Securely

  • On breadboard: Use pin headers if the module supports them.
  • On PCB: Solder it firmly in place.
  • Standalone: Place it inside a protective case to avoid touching live parts.

5. Video Explanation

video coming soon